According to a study , symptoms of norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus usually show up 1 to 2 days after exposure, while it can take 4 to 5 days for people to develop symptoms of astrovirus. Symptoms of adenovirus mostly show up 5 to 6 days after exposure , but they can take anywhere from 2 to 14 days to appear. Symptoms of the stomach flu typically last 1 to 3 days. Infections in those with higher risk may last longer.
Generally speaking, the virus is most likely to spread from the time your symptoms first appear until several days after your symptoms have gone away. Some viruses, such as rotavirus, can be transmitted before symptoms begin. Even after your symptoms have cleared up, the virus may also still shed in your stool for several weeks. For example, norovirus can be shed in stool for 2 weeks or longer and rotavirus can be found in stool for up to 10 days. There are several types of viruses that can cause stomach flu.
They include:. While anyone can get stomach flu, some people are at a higher risk of developing severe illness, including:. The risk of a stomach flu outbreak increases when large groups of people are in close contact with each other.
Examples of this include:. The viruses that cause stomach flu are present in stool and vomit. Norovirus in particular is resilient. It can survive for 2 weeks on surfaces and for 2 months or more in water. It can also withstand temperature changes and many common cleaning products. This can make it easier to spread from one person to another. Although you may not be able to completely avoid these viruses, you can take steps to lower your risk, especially if someone in your household has a stomach virus.
If you currently have stomach flu, there are things that you can do to prevent the virus from spreading to other people. Typically, most people with stomach flu recover from their illness without having to seek medical treatment. The following home remedies can help ease the symptoms of stomach flu and prevent more serious illness. Medical treatment involves managing your symptoms and promoting hydration.
Important Stay off school or work until you've not been sick or had diarrhoea for at least 2 days. Do wash your hands with soap and water frequently wash any clothing or bedding that has poo or vomit on it separately on a hot wash clean toilet seats, flush handles, taps, surfaces and door handles every day.
Information: Call a pharmacy or contact them online before going in person. Find a pharmacy. Urgent advice: Get advice from now if:. Ask your GP practice for an urgent appointment.
Moderate pain: always there makes it hard to concentrate or sleep you can manage to get up, wash or dress. Mild pain: comes and goes is annoying but does not stop you doing things like going to work. Diarrhoea can also be caused by: medicines — check the leaflet to see if it's a side effect a food intolerance or food allergy irritable bowel syndrome IBS inflammatory bowel disease coeliac disease diverticular disease Vomiting can also be caused by: pregnancy migraine labyrinthitis medicines — check the leaflet to see if it's a side effect reflux — where a baby brings feeds back up "spitting up" other infections — such as a urinary tract infection UTI.
Some organisms that are isolated in stool cultures are notifiable to public health authorities. This is because of their potential to cause serious harm in vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems. The health department must be notified of gastro cases caused by campylobacter, cryptosporidium, listeria, salmonella, shigella and certain types of E. This can help pinpoint outbreaks when they arise and allow for appropriate control measures.
Gastro bugs are spread via the the faecal-oral route, which means faeces needs to come into contact with the mouth for transmission to occur. Sometimes this can happen if contaminated faecal material gets into drinking water, or during food preparation.
But more commonly, tiny particles of poo might remain on the hands after going to the toilet. After completely recovering from the symptoms of gastro, infectious organisms can still be shed into stools. Faecal shedding of campylobacter, the E. In fact, some people who have recovered from salmonella have shed the bacteria into their stools days later. Parasites can remain alive in the bowel for a long period of time after diarrhoea finishes.
Infectious cryptosporidium oocysts can be shed into stools for up to 50 days. Giardia oocysts can take even longer to be excreted. Much of the current advice on when people can return to work, school or child care after gastro is based on the most common viral gastroenteritis, norovirus, even though few patients will discover the cause of their bug.
For norovirus, the highest rate of viral shedding into stools occurs 24 to 48 hours after all symptoms have stopped. The viral shedding rate then starts to quickly decrease. So people can return to work 48 hours after symptoms have stopped.
Yes, viral shedding into stools can occur for longer than 48 hours.
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