Nginx what is 1

These configurations examples were originally provided by josh4trunks and are exclusively community-maintained.

Thank you contributors! Be careful about line breaks if you copy the examples, as long lines may be broken for page formatting. Now we will outline how one can go about compiling and installing Nginx with its numerous third-party modules. Do note that you will require sudo or root access to do some of the installation steps going ahead.

Go into the directory and configure it. This is essential, as here you can enable and disable the core modules that already come with Nginx. Following is a sample configure command:. If you get an error, then you will need to install the build dependencies, depending on your system. For example, if you are running a Debian based system, you can enter the following command:. This was the plain vanilla installation! If you want to install some new modules, we take the example of the HTTP subscribe-publish module:.

The important part is to point the —add-module flag to the right module path. The rest is handled by the Nginx configuration script. If you want to check that the module is installed correctly, you can enter the following command:. This basically gives you the compilation flags that were used to install this particular binary of Nginx, indirectly listing the various modules that were compiled into it. Nginx is a fairly stable piece of software which has been running in production for over a decade and has built a very strong developer community around it.

But, like all software there are issues and bugs which crop up under the most critical of situations. When that happens, it's usually best to reload Nginx with higher levels of error logging and if possible, in the debug mode. If you want the debug mode, then you will need to compile Nginx with the debug flag --with-debug.

In most cases, most of the distributions have packages where Nginx is pre-compiled with debug flag. Here are the various levels of debugging that you can utilize:. If you do not set the error log location, it will log to a compiled-in default log location. This logging is in addition to the normal error logging that you can do per site.

Here is what the various specific debug flags do:. Nginx allows us to log errors for specific IP addresses. Here is a sample configuration that will log errors from This is extremely useful when you want to debug in the production environment, as logging for all cases has unnecessary performance overheads. Fedora based : service Nginx reload. Windows : Nginx -s reload. You can send quite a few control signals to the Nginx master process, as outlined in the following table.

These let you manage some of the basic administrative tasks:. Open a terminal on your system. Type in ps auxww grep nginx. This will output something as shown in the following screenshot:.

The important number is , which is basically the PID of the master process. In this case, the PID of the master process is This will basically read the configurations again, gracefully close your current connections, and start new worker processes. You can issue another ps auxww grep nginx to see new PIDs for the worker processes , :. If the worker PIDs do not change it means that you may have a problem while reloading the configuration files. Go ahead and check the Nginx error log.

This is very useful while writing scripts, which control Nginx configuration. A good example is when you are deploying code on production; you will temporarily point the site to a static landing page. By default, when you are installing Nginx you get this one monolithic configuration file which contains a whole lot of sample configurations.

Due to its extremely modular and robust designing, Nginx allows you to maintain your configuration file as a set of multiple linked files. Let's take a sample configuration file nginx.

Now we can go ahead and split this file into the following structure:. If you notice, you will see how includes has allowed the inclusion of external configuration files. It should be noted that if we have any errors in any of the files, the Nginx server will fail to reload. Here is the FastCGI configuration which is used by this setup; generally most Nginx installations provide a default one. This sort of a file arrangement allows clean separation of the main configuration and the auxiliary ones.

It also promotes structured thinking, which is useful when you have to quickly switch or deploy sites. We will go over the various configurations that you see in these files in other chapters.

For example, fcgi. Usually any web server hosts one or more domains, and Nginx, like any good web server, allows you to easily configure as many virtual hosts as you want. Let's take a simple example. You want to set up a simple set of webpages on www. So let's see how this works. The listen defines the port on which the web server is listening in this case, its 80!

Inside, you can start defining how the virtual host works. Create a simple configuration file containing the virtual host configuration for www. Once you are comfortable setting up the virtual hosts, you will end up in a situation where you have a lot of domains pointing at the IP. In addition to the domains, you would also have the web server responding to the IP addresses it hosts, and many other unused subdomains of the domains pointing at it.

In such a scenario, when the user types in abc. For situations like the one above, one can utilize the default catchall virtual host that Nginx provides; here is a simple example where this default catchall virtual host serves a simple set of web pages.

Imagine a situation where you need to create an application that needs to serve dynamic pages on subdomains! In that case, you will need to set up a virtual host in Nginx that can utilize wildcards. Nginx has been made ground up to handle such a scenario. It is designed to be used both as a throw away container mount your source code and start the container to start your app , as well as the base to build other images off of.

This image is based on the popular Alpine Linux project , available in the alpine official image. This variant is useful when final image size being as small as possible is your primary concern.

To minimize image size, it's uncommon for additional related tools such as git or bash to be included in Alpine-based images.

Using this image as a base, add the things you need in your own Dockerfile see the alpine image description for examples of how to install packages if you are unfamiliar. View license information for the software contained in this image. As with all Docker images, these likely also contain other software which may be under other licenses such as Bash, etc from the base distribution, along with any direct or indirect dependencies of the primary software being contained.

As for any pre-built image usage, it is the image user's responsibility to ensure that any use of this image complies with any relevant licenses for all software contained within. Official Images. Description Reviews Tags. Then build the image with docker build -t custom-nginx. This can consume excess CPU.

The attacker requests a large amount of data from a specified resource over multiple streams. They manipulate window size and stream priority to force the server to queue the data in 1-byte chunks. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both.